Bladder Cancer

What Is Bladder Cancer?

Bladder cancer occurs when malignant cells grow in the bladder lining. It is more common in older adults, particularly men, and it is strongly associated with smoking.

What Symptoms Should I Look For?

• Blood in urine (painless haematuria)

• Frequent urination

• Pain or burning when urinating 

• Pelvic or back pain (if advanced)

How Is Bladder Cancer Diagnosed?

• Urine cystology (microscopic check for cancer)

• Cystoscopy with biopsy

• Imaging like CT urogram or ultrasound to assess bladder and kidneys

What Treatment Options Are Available?

• Surgery (TURBT) - removal of tumours via cystoscopy

• Intravesical therapy: chemotherapy or immunotherapy directly into bladder

• Cystectomy (removal of bladder) in advance cases

• Systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy for spread cancer

How Can I Prevent Bladder Cancer?

• Avoid smoking

• Avoid exposure to industrial chemicals (dyes, paints, rubber)

• Stay hydrated to flush out toxins

• Regular check-ups if at high risk