An enlargement of veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins.
Dull, aching testicular pain
Swelling or "bag of worms" feeling in scrotum
Infertility or reduced sperm quality
Physical examination
Scrotal ultrasound
Surgical repair (varicocelectomy)
Embolisation (blocking abnormal veins)
No guaranteed prevention, but early evaluation helps preserve fertility